![]() ![]() Pearson’s chi-squared is, in general, a more conservative analysis and therefore chosen for the present study. (CDC) study, where a case–control study design was used, where 3 control children were matched to each case child, and analyzed using conditional logistic regression dichotomized for the three age cut-offs at 18, 24 and 36 months. This is in contrast to the original Destefano et al. The Pearson’s chi -squared test contained in the SAS® software was utilized for current statistical analyses, and a two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The listed exclusions yielded a cohort size of 624 cases and 1824 controls. Children with religious or medical exemptions were not excluded from the study. Children missing a vaccination form or with incomplete vaccination forms (where the forms did not list at least 1 diphtheria-tetanus-pertusussis vaccine by 2 years of age or at least 1 MMR vaccine at any age) were excluded from the study. Control children were chosen from “regular” education programs and were within the same age group and schools of attendance or neighboring school as cases. Of the cases identified, vaccination records were located for 660 children. And further, “Autism cases were identified via screening and abstraction of source files at schools, hospitals, clinics, and specialty providers”. (CDC) in the original publication, “Children with autism were identified by the CDC from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP), a multiple-source, population-based surveillance program that monitors the occurrence of selected developmental disabilities among children in the 5-county metropolitan Atlanta area”. The focus of the current study is differences in results in specific gender and race groups.Īs reported by Destefano et al. In this paper, we present the results of a cohort study using the same data from the Destefano et al. Rather than concluding that the first MMR vaccine could be playing a causal role in autism in these children, the study authors instead attributed the increased risk to greater numbers of autistic children receiving timely vaccinations in order to participate in State of Georgia special education services. found a statistically significant relative risk of 1.49 (95% confidence interval : 1.04 – 2.14) at the 36 month cut-off (i.e., in a comparison of children receiving the MMR before versus after 36 months). Using conditional logistic regression, with first MMR age as the independent variable and autism incidence as the dependent variable, the study authors assessed relative risk for obtaining an autism diagnosis for those children receiving the first MMR vaccine before and after 18 months, 24 months and 36 months of age. Within this study, the age at the first MMR vaccine was assessed as a factor in the incidence of autism. published a paper describing a case–control study completed on children, in metropolitan Atlanta, who had been born between 19. The latter studies have been performed using cohorts from Denmark, Japan and Poland, as well as the MMR vaccine and pervasive developmental disorder in Canada. Although several studies have affirmed such a relationship between the MMR vaccine and neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, many other studies purport no statistical relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism incidence. in 1999 after the observation of a regressive phenotype of autism that appeared in general after the administration of the first MMR vaccine. The relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism was first hypothesized by Wakefield et al. ![]() One of the primary concerns has been the timing of the administration of the first measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. This period of regression occurs within the same time period that children in the United States typically receive their required vaccinations and thus there have been many studies regarding the incidence of autism and the receipt of specific vaccines. This period has been reported as ranging between 6 and 36 months of age with the typical age of regression between 18 and 24 months. It has been estimated that as many as 62% of children with autism experience a period of regression during early childhood, characterized by loss of previously acquired skills. In addition to these core deficits, autism has also been characterized by many other comorbid conditions including gastrointestinal issues, sleep issues, eating disorders and sensory processing issues. Autism incidence has risen dramatically over the past two decades and it has recently been reported that one in sixty-eight children have this disorder. Autism is defined by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. ![]()
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